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Figure 1. Proportions of sinter, pellet and lump used in blast furnaces around the globe [1-5]. * Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected], telephone: +61 2 4033 9216 ...
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The study also showed that results obtained for a mixed burden of 80% sinter and 20% lump ore - a ratio used in many blast furnaces - are not different to results obtained from tests using only ...
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CO2 emission rate as a function of the amount of pellets in the burden. Straight lines, calculated for different lump ore contents; open triangles existing steel plants.
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With conventional blast furnaces, the favourable high temperature interactions between lump ore and sinter have facilitated higher lump usage. 4) As blast furnace operations move towards hydrogen ...
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The results of sinter mineralogy, yield and productivity of the lower half of milli-pot at 5.5–8.0% coke rate were found to be similar to pilot-scale sintering tests at a corresponding coke...
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1.2. Why sintering. Lead and zin metals are produced in blast furnace. In a blast furnace, ore, coke and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while air (sometimes with oxygen enrichment) is blown into the lower section of the furnace, so that the chemical reactions take place throughout the furnace as the material moves …
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However, it has been demonstrated that mixing ~20% lump ore with high basicity sinter shows equivalent S&M behaviour to the sinter only burden, and potentially better behaviour than sinter...
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[Show full abstract] productivity of the combine's blast furnaces has increased 20% thanks to an improvement to the quality of the coke and sinter during 2013-2014, and the new blast furnace ...
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On blast furnaces that have never been operated with the injection of pulverized-coal and that first need to be provided with high-quality iron-ore-bearing materials and coke, the use of a technology that charges lump anthracite into the furnaces can significantly reduce coke consumption and the cost of making pig iron. The …
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50.3.1 Step 1—Estimating Changes in Coke Rate. When considering a blast furnace process change, either real or proposed, the first step is to estimate the change in coke rate that is created. ... Lump iron ore, sinter, and/or pellets are reduced by first being metallized in a reduction shaft by off-gases coming from the melter/gasifier ...
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The content of fines (0–5 mm) in sinter is the main factor that determines the gasdynamic loading of the "dry" upper part of the blast-furnace shaft. A reduction in the amount of fines in the skip sinter makes it possible to significantly increase the productivity of blast furnaces, reduce the coke rate, and lower the cost of making pig iron.
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The high temperature interactions between lump ore and sinter have been studied under traditional blast furnace conditions both mechanistically (in small scale analogue conditions) [16][17][18][19 ...
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It is found that lump ore has lowest reduction rate in all test conditions, and at lower temperatures iron ore pellets reduce faster than sinter, and this is reversed at …
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Abstract With the movement toward hydrogen-enriched blast furnace operation to lower greenhouse gas emissions, ferrous burden design must be reconsidered to …
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In recently years, as the prices of lump ores and pellets are staying highly, some Chinese iron and steel plants began to produce acid sinter smelting in blast furnace which cost less compared ...
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The beginning softening temperature declined and the ending softening temperature increased because of high porosity, which resulted in wide softening temperature interval. The charging ratio of lump ore A should be improved. Lump ore B should be distributed in the center of the blast furnace. Lump ores C and D should be used less.
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KEY WORDS: blast furnace; sinter; natural lump ores; pellets; interaction; reaction mechanism; burden structure. shown in Table 1. With the chemical composition of the ... pure nitrogen with the flow rate 15L/min was pumped into the furnace, and the 500g sample after drying was put into the furnace with the particle 20 to 25mm, heated for 30min
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A blast furnace (BF) is the dominant process for making iron in the world. The BF is charged with metallurgical coke and iron burden materials including iron ore pellets, sinter, and lump ore. While descending in the BF the charge materials reduce. The iron‐bearing materials should reduce fast and remain in the solid form until as high a …
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The study also showed that results obtained for a mixed burden of 80% sinter and 20% lump ore - a ratio used in many blast furnaces - are not different to results obtained from tests using only ...
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process. The remainder will have to be pelletized and added to the blast furnace burden to replace declining sinter and lump ore supplies. Hatch has compared the merits of using sinter and pellets in the blast furnace to help steel producers evaluate the impact of increased pellet usage in the blast furnace burden. 2.2 Comparing Sinter and Pellets
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The increase in basicity of sinter from 1.74 to 2.09 at alumina 2.90 decreases softening start temperature and increases melting finish temperature. Thus, there is a rise in the SM temperature ...
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Use of lump ore in modern blast furnace operations is facilitated by high temperature interactions with sinter. With more emphasis on hydrogen enrichment in BF operations, the behaviour of lump ...
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The basicity required for iron ore sinter is set by blast furnace slag composition requirements, and therefore varies with the proportion lump iron ore in the burden. Increasing the lump ...
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The sinter with iron ore fines mean particle size 2.63 mm showed physical and metallurgical properties within the acceptable range, which is required for blast furnace operation. Sinter with mean ...
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Like other sintering processes, iron ore sintering converts iron ore fines of often − 8 mm sizing into larger agglomerates, namely, sinter, between 5 and 50 mm particle size, which possess the physical and metallurgical characteristics and gas permeability required for efficient blast furnace operation.As shown in Figure 14.1, iron ore sintering …
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The influence of nut coke rate on the pressure drop of sinter is given in Figs. 5and 6. Generally, it can be seen that the pressure drop decreased with rising nut coke rate in the sinter–nut coke mixture. This effect became more re-markable at higher flow rate and Reynolds number (Reynolds number under the blast furnace conditions 600Re800).
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Lump ore is one of the key ferrous feeds used in the blast furnace ironmaking process, normally accounting for ten to 20 per cent of the blast furnace burden. Like other feeds, the characteristics ...
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The German steelmaker consumed the lump ore in one of the world's largest blast furnaces at a rate of 16% Mary River ore and 84% sinter. Michael Zurowski, executive VP of Baffinland, said, "Baffinland's Mary River lump iron ore has now passed the ultimate test, the rigours of the commercial blast furnace. Baffinland is very pleased with …
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The smelting process of blast furnace is carried out in the shaft furnace of a closed countercurrent reactor and heat exchanger. The complex physical changes and chemical reactions are completed in the process of the countercurrent movement of the charge and gas in which the raw materials containing iron oxide (sinter, pellets, etc.), …
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When the proportion of lump ores was up to 23% at the excellent collocation pattern and appropriate ratio, the burdens still conformed to the requirements of ironmaking. KEY …
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Abstract . The sinter of high basicity would interact with lump ores or acid pellets in the cohesive zone of blast furnace due to the difference of chemical composition and micro …
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As a promising method to strengthen the blast furnace smelting and to realize reduced fuel operation, high-proportion pellet charging has become the practice of BF ironmaking. Use of pellet gives rise to uniform bed permeability in comparison with iron ore or sinter. This leads to better gas–solid contact resulting in higher productivity at …
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Raw materials. Commercially supplied iron ore pellets and sinter of size range 10–13 mm are utilised in the present study. Comparable to the utilisation in the industrial blast furnace, two types of olivine fluxed pellets (types 1 and 2) and one type of iron ore sinter are mixed in 40:20:40 ratio to form a ferrous raw material bed.
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A blast furnace is a reactor which produces an impure form of molten iron, termed 'hot metal', from ferrous bearing ores. The principal raw materials used in the blast furnace operation consist of. 1. Metallurgical coke, ferrous …
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This research report describes the influence of the reducing atmosphere of oxygen blast furnace (OBF) and traditional blast furnace (TBF) on the softening and melting behaviour of lump and lump-sinter mixed burdens assessed by using the softening and melting test. The results reveal that in the OBF atmosphere, the softening and …
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The study also showed that results obtained for a mixed burden of 80% sinter and 20% lump ore - a ratio used in many blast furnaces - are not different to results obtained from tests using only ...
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